Link page for GIF images of the figures in the Science Booklet for

which is the UK's proposed high intensity radioactive beam facility
to be sited at   ISIS  at the  Rutherford Appleton Laboratory .

To download the full size gif files, just click on the matching icons: all files are smaller than 1 Mbyte.

It would be useful if you could please advise me when you use these slides in talks, thank you.

For further information, please contact Wilton Catford by email at W.Catford@surrey.ac.uk or else by fax at +44-1483-876781 or at
Department of Physics, School of Physics and Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.


 

     
fig.1  The SIRIUS facility in the foreground, integrated into the ISIS spallation neutron facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.



fig.2  The nucleus as the link between tangible, everyday matter and its ultimate constituents.


fig.3 Collisions between atomic nuclei allow many classes of reaction and phenomena to be studied.


fig.4 Two-neutron separation energies as a function of Z and N. The island of stable nuclei lies in an ocean of unstable combinations of neutron and proton numbers. In this plot, showing the predicted limits of stability, the green area along the ridge shows nuclei for which the mass has at least been measured. The snow represents stable nuclei and the slopes are essentially unexplored.


fig.5  The measured binding energies of the tin isotopes, compared with various mass predictions. Whilst theoretical models can reproduce measured masses near stability, they diverge dramatically near the drip line.


fig.6  Ground state proton decay is the result of quantum tunelling through a barrier created by a combination of Coulomb and centrifugal forces. The half-life of the deacy is a sensitive measure of the width and height of the barrier, and hence the angular momentum of the trapped protons inside the nucleus.


fig.7  The valleys in a plot of quantum shell correction, as a function of Z and N, signify extra stability and hence indicate an undiscovered island of superheavy nuclei near N=184.


fig.8  The neutron halo in 11Li extends to fill the volume equivalent to 208Pb, with very dilute, pure neutron matter.


fig. 9  The Borromean rings provide an analogy for the structure of halo nuclei in which the removal of any one of the three major components breaks the whole system.


fig.10  According to theory the neutron halo observed in light, neutron rich nuclei can vibrate relative to the core in several distinct modes.


fig.11 Tests of the CVC hypothesis of the weak interaction have been made using superallowed 0+ to 0+ b-decays in mirror nuclei. The measured ft values have been extended to heavier nuclei using radioactive beams produced in fragmentation reactions. Using them to check Z-dependent corrections requires precise determinations of the half-lives, weak branching ratios and decay energies. The higher intensities provided by SIRIUS are required to improve the precision of these measurements.


fig.12  The glass trap, magnet cells and laser mirrors of the apparatus used for the first ever trapping of francium atoms by lasers in an optical trap.


fig.13  Resonance absorption for the first excited state in the S family of the francium atom, for atoms suspended motionless in the vacuum. The CCD images measure the fluorescence observed using an InGaAs-InP (1.7 mm) diode laser.

left  right
fig.14 An image of a  gamma-ray burst  taken with the  Keck 10-metre telescope. The left hand side shows the visible after-glow of the burst after two days. The image on the right shows the same star field after two months, with the after-glow gone, and a faint galaxy at the same position. (Sorry that the arrows are missing! ...wnc)


fig.15 R Aquarii and its peculiar nebula include the spectacular interaction of a red giant and a white dwarf star, shown here in artist's impression. The white dwarf draws in material from the giant, occasionally ejecting the surplus. The real object as seen by the  Hubble Space Telescope is shown in the inset.


fig.16  A chart of the nuclides showing the limits of observations (yellow area), the drip lines, and the astrophysical rp- and r- process pathways. The insets show Hubble Space Telescope images relating to the adjacent reaction paths: the nova Cygni 1992 (a possible site for the rp-process) and the afterglow from SN1987A (an r-process site).


fig 17  In events like this supernova, SN1987A, the astrophysical r-process builds heavy elements by a rapid succession of neutron captures. Copyright  Anglo-Australian Observatory , Photograph David Malin.


fig.18  The remnants of the supernova CasA observed using the Very Large Array  radio telescope in New Mexico. The inset shows a small part of the gamma-ray energy spectrum recorded by the satellite-borne Gamma-Ray Observatory  revealing the 1157 keV gamma-rays from the decay of 44Ti.


fig.19 Probe atoms implanted in semiconductors and other materials act as radioactive spies.  The properties of the probe atom are modified by the microscopic environment and information on that environment is carried by the radiation emitted in the subsequent nuclear deacy.


fig.20 Photoluminescence spectra from Si implanted with Er ions, showing the line at 1.54 microns which offers many applications in optoelectronics.


fig.21 The conversion electron channelling along different planes in the crystal lattice is shown for transitions in Er, following the decay of Tm ions implanted in Si. The results, shown on the left, are compared with the simulations on the right hand side.


fig.22 Results of Deep Level transient Spectroscopy for 195Au in p-type Si. The temperature scans were taken shortly after the diffusion (A) and two half-lives later (B). Two electron traps are clearly visible and their decay or growth allow them to be assigned to Au and Pt.


fig.23 A comparison of conventional Auger electron spectroscopy with positron-annihilation-induced Auger electron spectroscopy. In the latter technique, the Auger electrons can be detected in coincidence with annihilation radiation and the electrons are removed without producing a background of scattered electrons. Both effects offer greatly improved sensitivity.


fig.24 Isometric plots comparing low-energy diffraction of electrons (LEED) and positrons (LEPD) from W(110) at 250 eV. The absolute scattering probabilities into the specular beam are twice as high for positrons as for electrons.


fig.25 Research on radiopharmaceuticals for therapy is an important field of study. Radiopharmaceuticals showing high functional specificity cannot be used in unlimited concentration and the in vivo biodistribution and bio-kinetic behaviour very much depend on the concentration of binding sites in vivo. This is especially true for ligands binding to receptors. Here, the ratio of tumour to liver uptake of radiolanthanides and 225Ac in tumour-bearing mice is shown as a function of the EDTMP ligand concentration. This ratio changes quite dramatically due to the reduction in the liver uptake. Systematic studies of this type are important and require the carrier-free activities made available by SIRIUS.


Fig.26 Fullerences implanted with radioisotopes have been proposed as magic bullets to introduce radioactive probes in medical and materials science applications.


fig.27  A key feature of the SIRIUS facility is the provision of isotopically separated beams simultaneously feeding a series of low energy (<250 keV) beams in parallel with a specific beam being accelerated to 10 MeV/A.